By Sheryl Smolkin

I retired early and elected to start receiving my Canada Pension in 2010 at age 60. As I result my pension was reduced by 30% (.5% for every month prior to age 65) and I currently receive $675.20/month. At the time, the general consensus among many financial advisors was based on the old adage, “one in the hand.” In other words, it was worth taking the reduction to receive the reduced benefit for five extra years.

With changes made to the program beginning in 2012, if you choose to take CPP early, the reduction is greater. For example, if you retire in January 2015 at age 60, your pension will be reduced .58% for every month prior to your 65^th birthday (to a maximum of 34.8%) and a January 2016 retirement will lead to a reduction of .60% per month until age 65 (a total reduction of 36%).

For a recent Toronto Star article, Some math on taking CPP early or late, Adam Mayers asked two actuaries and a financial planner for a few rules of thumb readers could use. Although there isn’t a simple one-size fits all answer, here is what they told him:

• If you need the money to live on, take it as soon as possible.
• If you have health problems or have a family history of short life spans in retirement, take it as early as possible.
• If you think you can invest the money and come out ahead take it early. But be warned you will need a pretty hefty rate of return because you will pay tax on the pension and tax on the profit unless you can put it into an RRSP or a Tax-free savings account (TFSA).

I particularly like how Retire Happy blogger Jim Yih approached the problem in Taking CPP early: The new breakeven points.  Here is the chart he created for 2015.

Yih’s table reveals that if you take CPP at age 60 in 2015, (assuming you qualify for the maximum CPP at age 65) your benefit will be $643.31/month (reduced from $986.67).

Alternatively, if you wait until age 65 to collect a higher amount, you are foregoing the $38,598.53 to get more in the future. It will take until age 74 (the breakeven age) to make up the $38,598.53 you left on the table.

If you think you will live past age 74, the math suggests you should wait until age 65 or later to start receiving CPP. Unfortunately no one knows how long they will live. However, the Canadian Business Life Expectancy Calculator is one way to get a rough idea if you will live to a ripe old age. For example, I am currently age 64 and the calculator says I will live to 87.01 years.

You can apply for CPP at age 60, but if you continue to earn income beyond that age, you will still have to make CPP contributions until at least 65. A self-employed person will have to make both the employer and employee contributions. After age 65, CPP contributions are optional to age 70.

As noted by government benefits expert and consultant Doug Runchey in an earlier blog on savewithspp.com, CPP post-retirement benefits are actually quite a good deal. A Service Canada PRB Calculator will help you calculate how contributing after you begin receiving CPP benefits but before you stop working will increase your CPP benefits at retirement.

Based on your age, financial situation, projected life expectancy and whether you intend to keep working for some period of time after you retire, your financial planner can help you decide what the best time is for you to apply for CPP.

By Sheryl Smolkin

When you are planning to fully or partially retire, there are many decisions to make. Most Canadians are aware that they can elect to start receiving their Canada Pension anytime between age 60 and 70.

But many do not know that as of July 2013 if they become eligible for OAS benefits at age 65 they can also choose to defer receiving benefits for up to five years.

Regardless of whether you choose to defer your OAS or not, you must apply for benefits from this program when you wish to begin receiving payments.  It may make sense to wait, however, if at age 65 your income is still high enough that your benefits would be fully or partially clawed back. That would occur if you have net income between $71,592 and $115,716 on your tax return, and assuming you expect it to decline in future.

OAS is paid to seniors over 65 who are Canadian citizens or legal residents and have lived in Canada for at least 10 years after turning age 18. People living outside Canada at the time of application must have resided in Canada for at least 20 years after their 18th birthday. Your employment history is not a factor. A full OAS benefit is based on 40 years of Canadian residence.

For the period beginning January 2014, maximum OAS benefits are $551.54 per month or $6,618,48 per year. Benefits are indexed to inflation and adjusted quarterly. If you decide to delay collecting OAS beyond age 65, the benefit will be increased by 0.6 per cent for each month of delay to a maximum of 36%.

Therefore, based on the current annual benefit level (excluding future inflation), the pension you receive beginning at age 70 will be $9001.13.

Marissa Verskin, a senior tax manager at Toronto accounting firm Crowe Soberman, says the decision on whether to delay collecting OAS or claim it right away should depend on your personal situation. This includes your life expectancy, current and projected future income level and your expected rate of return.

Some of the other circumstances that may influence your decision are if you have chosen to work beyond age 65 or if you anticipate receiving a large one-time capital gain or lump sum at retirement (i.e., for accumulated sick leave credits or severance pay).

Doug Runchey of DR Pensions Consulting spent 32 years with Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. He says if you choose to defer receiving OAS beyond age 65 you can’t “double dip.”

That means if you are only eligible for a partial OAS pension because you have less than the 40 years of residence required for a full benefit, you can’t use the deferral period to both increase your OAS pension by counting it as additional years of residence and also receive a 0.6 per cent per month increase for voluntary deferral.

Service Canada is required to count the deferral period either as additional years of residence or a period of voluntary deferral — whichever is of the greatest benefit to the client.

Runchey also says there could be another collateral advantage to voluntary deferral of OAS. “If you delay and increase your OAS by 36 per cent to $9001.13 per year, you also effectively increase the maximum income claw back threshold to $131,599 from $115,716,” he says.

If you have started receiving your OAS benefits within the last six months but think you can benefit from the deferral, you can write to Service Canada and ask them to cancel your benefits for now. Once your request is approved, you will have to pay back the benefits received. Then you can reapply for OAS at a later date.

By 2023, gradual changes in the age of OAS eligibility from age 65 to age 67 will be fully phased in. This change will not affect OAS applicants or recipients born before March 31, 1958. But people born between April 1, 1958 and January 31, 1962 will have a date of eligibility between ages 65 and 67. For example, a person born in June or July 1961 will be not be eligible to collect OAS until age 66 plus eight months.

Also see:
Old Age Security
Changes to the Old Age Security program – Service Canada
Voluntary deferral of OAS – Retire Happy
Getting what’s yours when it comes to government pensions